Here is the line-by-line modern paraphrase of the monologue:

Original: Pride went before, ambition follows him.
Modern: First came pride, and now ambition follows right behind it.

Original: While these do labour for their own preferment,
Modern: While these men work only to advance themselves,

Original: Behoves it us to labour for the realm.
Modern: It is our duty to work for the good of the kingdom.

Original: I never saw but Humphrey Duke of Gloucester
Modern: In my experience, only Humphrey, the Duke of Gloucester,

Original: Did bear him like a noble gentleman.
Modern: Has ever truly carried himself like a proper nobleman.

Original: Oft have I seen the haughty cardinal,
Modern: I have often watched the arrogant cardinal,

Original: More like a soldier than a man o’ the church,
Modern: Who acts more like a soldier than a man of God,

Original: As stout and proud as he were lord of all,
Modern: As bold and arrogant as if he owned everything,

Original: Swear like a ruffian and demean himself
Modern: Curse like a common thug and disgrace himself

Original: Unlike the ruler of a commonweal.
Modern: In ways completely unfit for someone who governs a nation.

Original: Warwick, my son, the comfort of my age,
Modern: Warwick, my son, the greatest joy of my old age,

Original: Thy deeds, thy plainness and thy housekeeping,
Modern: Your actions, your honesty, and the way you manage your household,

Original: Hath won the greatest favour of the commons,
Modern: Have earned you the strongest loyalty and love of the common people,

Original: Excepting none but good Duke Humphrey:
Modern: Second only to the good Duke Humphrey himself.

Original: And, brother York, thy acts in Ireland,
Modern: And you, brother York, your accomplishments in Ireland,

Original: In bringing them to civil discipline,
Modern: In bringing order and law to the people there,

Original: Thy late exploits done in the heart of France,
Modern: And your recent military achievements deep inside France,

Original: When thou wert regent for our sovereign,
Modern: When you served as regent on behalf of our king,

Original: Have made thee fear’d and honour’d of the people:
Modern: Have made you both feared and deeply respected by the people.

Original: Join we together, for the public good,
Modern: Let us unite together for the good of everyone,

Original: In what we can, to bridle and suppress
Modern: And do everything in our power to rein in and put a stop to

Original: The pride of Suffolk and the cardinal,
Modern: The arrogance of Suffolk and the cardinal,

Original: With Somerset’s and Buckingham’s ambition;
Modern: As well as the selfish ambitions of Somerset and Buckingham.

Original: And, as we may, cherish Duke Humphrey’s deeds,
Modern: And, as best we can, support and protect Duke Humphrey’s work,

Original: While they do tend the profit of the land.
Modern: For as long as his efforts continue to benefit the kingdom.

In Act 1, Scene 1 of Henry VI, Part 2, King Henry VI receives his new bride, Margaret of Anjou, who arrives with the Duke of Suffolk. The terms of the marriage treaty are read aloud, revealing that Henry has agreed to significant territorial concessions: he will surrender the duchies of Anjou and Maine to Margaret’s father, Reignier. In exchange for these lands, Margaret brings no dowry, and Henry must bear the expense of sending her to England. The nobles present, including Gloucester, Cardinal Beaufort, York, Warwick, and Salisbury, react with shock and dismay to these unfavorable terms. King Henry, however, appears enchanted by Margaret and seems unconcerned about the political implications of the marriage agreement.

After the King and Margaret exit with Suffolk and Buckingham, the remaining nobles express their outrage and concerns in a series of asides and private conversations. Gloucester, the Lord Protector, openly laments the loss of French territories that his brother Henry V had won through conquest. Cardinal Beaufort, York, Warwick, and Salisbury each voice their dissatisfaction with the treaty and begin to reveal their own ambitions and grievances. York, in particular, delivers a lengthy soliloquy after the others depart, in which he outlines his claim to the English throne through his descent from Edward III and declares his intention to bide his time until he can seize power, using the ambitious Richard Plantagenet, Duke of Somerset and the Earl of Warwick to further his plans.

Henry VI, Part II opens with King Henry VI’s marriage to Margaret of Anjou, which was arranged as part of a peace treaty with France. The marriage proves politically disastrous, as Henry has agreed to surrender Maine and Anjou to France and provide no dowry, angering the English nobles. The Duke of Gloucester, Henry’s uncle and Lord Protector, opposes the marriage terms, while Cardinal Beaufort and the Duke of Suffolk, who arranged the marriage, work to undermine Gloucester’s influence. Queen Margaret quickly emerges as an ambitious figure who resents Gloucester’s power and begins plotting against him alongside Suffolk and other nobles.

The central conflict develops around the destruction of Gloucester, known as “Good Duke Humphrey.” Through a series of machinations involving his wife Eleanor’s involvement with conjurers and fortune-tellers, Gloucester is stripped of his position as Lord Protector. Eleanor is banished after being convicted of witchcraft, leaving Gloucester vulnerable. Margaret, Suffolk, Cardinal Beaufort, and others conspire to have Gloucester arrested on charges of treason. Before he can defend himself in trial, Gloucester is murdered in his bed, likely on Suffolk’s orders, shocking King Henry and the common people who loved Gloucester.

The aftermath of Gloucester’s murder destabilizes the realm further. Suffolk is banished by Henry after popular outcry against him, but he is captured and killed by pirates during his exile. Cardinal Beaufort dies tormented by guilt over Gloucester’s death. Meanwhile, Jack Cade leads a popular rebellion in Kent, claiming to be John Mortimer and demanding justice for the common people. Cade’s forces march on London, causing chaos and executing several nobles and officials before the rebellion is eventually suppressed. The play concludes with the return of Richard, Duke of York, from Ireland with an army, ostensibly to remove the remaining “traitors” around the king but actually to press his own claim to the throne, setting the stage for the Wars of the Roses that will dominate the final play in the trilogy.